a. they were indigenous foragers who domesticated native wild plants. A. D. Industrialism Social stratification B. Sedentism C. Egalitarianism, Agricultural intensification is not associated with. But what exactly is culture? D. women generally are less restricted than men are with respect to premarital and extramarital sex. All humans were foragers until approximately, An obligatory interaction between groups or organisms that is beneficial to each is known as, Which of the following is not one of the adaptive strategies included in Cohen's typology? When the author began researching among the Betsileo in Madagascar, why did the villagers run away from him? D. To become a big man, an individual must wear a tonowi shell necklace, which is imported from the coast and is therefore quite expensive by Kapauku standards. So what is the difference between Homo sapiens and Hominidae? "For example, some archaeological evidence suggests that Middle Paleolithic cultures in Eurasia split work fairly equally between men and women.". B. Culture. Tribe B. Chiefdom C. Segmentary lineage. The moment when the hunter-gatherers laid down their spears and began farming around 11,000 years ago is often interpreted as one of the most rapid and significant transitions in human history the Neolithic Revolution. Transhumance is a form of C. foraging. B. Nonindustrial economies have little to do with the everyday lives of people. a. E. Horticultures long-term yield is far greater and more dependable than that of agriculture. Which of the following statements about agriculturalists is true. A. D. personal charisma. D. descent groups include only the children of the groups men. d. It created an environment that required all populations to move to the equator. B. B. patriarchy. 1 million years ago. Direct link to Holly Carlson's post I think, David, that you', Posted 4 years ago. C. The incest taboo does not eliminate incest. D. They live in marginal environments. Which of the following statements about agriculturalists is true? But to test it, he and his colleague Jung-Kyoo Choi built a mathematical model that simulated social and environmental conditions among early hunter-gatherers. In general, what happens as the value of bridewealth increases? The Venezuelan president expelled the missionaries from the Venezuelan Amazon. A. Large-game hunting B. Nonindustrial food producing, C. Reciprocal D. Foraging E. Redistribution. The former involves the use of domesticated animals, while the latter does not. And what do they . A. horticulture. Which of the following statements about patrilineal-patrilocal societies is true? C. 100,000 years ago. Anthropologists view sexual orientation as learned, malleable, and culturally constructed. C. tend to maintain social distinctions between groups. This discovery was a turning point in the science of . B. D. They use their land intensively and continuously. D. Sexual orientation is genetically predetermined, and culture plays no role in its expression. Tribe 1 million years ago. Then, some 12,000 years ago, these hunter-gatherers began to farm. D. The amount of labor that the individual can extract from his or her spouse and children C. Mbuti (Congo) E. Polyandry fails to meet Leachs criteria for marriage. Which of the following statements about the domestic-public dichotomy is true? Then, some 12,000 years ago, these hunter-gatherers began to farm. Overview. While the extent to which farmers themselves migrated west remains a subject of debate, . B. B. B. Polynesia. A. A. A. C. a discrepancy between external and internal genitals.. C. Gender stratification is generally reduced when the domestic and public spheres are not sharply separated. Why the need for all that brain power without the ability of language? For more than a hundred thousand years, humans roamed the Earth, foraging for plants and hunting whatever animals they could find. approximately 300-4600 m, but were mostly distributed at approximately 800-1000 m (Fig. Until approximately 12,000 years ago, all humans practiced hunter-gathering. But we humans . Thousands of years ago, our ancestors gave up foraging for food and took up farming, one of the most important and debated decisions in history. Based on the experiences of modern hunter-gatherer societies, who typically have around 500 members, and based on theoretical mathematical models of group process, Paleolithic bands of people were likely around twenty-five members each, and typically about twenty bands constituted a tribe. D. Polyandry almost always takes the form of a sororate. B. an unconscious protest against stressful and exploitive working conditions. There are competing theories about whether hunting or gathering contributed more to group nutrition, but both seemed to have played an important role. What term refers to the practice of marrying a person outside of the group to which one belongs? A. generalized reciprocity. Which of the following is not one of the adaptive strategies included in Cohens typology? E. own the land that they cultivate. Not everyone needed to be focused on food production, which led to specialization of labor and complex societies. E. They are the dominant males in the largest, most powerful descent groups. B. Cultural Anthropology Exam #2 Started on State Completed on Time taken Question Friday, January 12, 2018, 2:00 A. Homo habilis inhabited parts of sub-Saharan Africa from roughly 2.4 to 1.5 million years ago (mya). Which of the following is an example of a matrilineal-matrifocal society? B. How does horticulture differ from agriculture? Rank ascribed at birth B. Culturally valued personal attributes, C. The individuals possessions and their monetary value D. The amount of labor that the individual can extract from his or her spouse and children, E. Genealogical relationships to apical ancestors, Kin groups whose members are related to a common ancestor are known as. A. matriarchy. Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years 1, 2. They retain their power by maintaining strong ties with the commoner class. Genetic and paleoanthropological evidence is in accord that today's human population is the result of a great demic (demographic and geographic) expansion that began approximately 45,000 to 60,000 y ago in Africa and rapidly resulted in human occupation of almost all of the Earth's habitable regions. E. Big men do not keep the wealth they accumulate but rather redistribute it to create and maintain alliances with political supporters. B. Chiefdoms lack socioeconomic stratification and stratum endogamy. An advantage of cultivation (horticulture and intensive agriculture), compared to foraging is that_____ A. A. Nonindustrial producers do not partake in the results of their labor. B. the market principle, redistribution, and reciprocity. Which of the following is a characteristic shared by most present-day foragers? They had a settled way of life, population growth, and more abduacne of food to eat. D. The more women contribute to the domestic sphere, the more publicly recognized power they achieve. D. a castrated man. . But the good times didnt last forever in these prehistoric villages. C. Transhumance Which of the following is a characteristic shared by most present-day foragers? C. The incest taboo does not eliminate incest. A. and more. Culture plays a role in molding individual sexual urges toward a collective norm. A. 4 min read. C. Agriculture frequently involves the use of terraces, while horticulture does not. A. Kinship and marriage a. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. B. B. Family of procreation B. The world before agriculture. What is the primary difference between a village head and a big man? A. Nomadism B. Migration. Population pressure is high. all humans were foragers until approximately auburn university vet school requirements . The term alienation is used to describe what phenomenon in industrial economies? It tends to be more pronounced among agriculturalists than among foragers. Cross-cultural researchers focus on studying patterns across societies and try to answer questions such as: What are recent hunter-gatherers generally like? B. It is a 2% that takes us from foragers to the Internet, and it was all made possible by the humans who lived in Era 2, the first 98% of human . Strong differentiation between spheres of exchange B. b. A. acculturation. For example, some archaeological evidence suggests that Middle Paleolithic cultures in Eurasia split work fairly equally between men and women. C. Chiefdoms lack ascribed statuses. It covers about the foraging, agriculture, industrialism and pastoralism. D. It is reinforced in American society by women working both inside and outside the home. Which of the following is a characteristic of most foraging societies? The more substantial the joint property, the more complicated the divorce. E. 1,000 years ago. As humans began migrating and adapting to new environments, they began developing tools and methods that equipped them to make the best of their respective environmental constraints. B. D. Turkey will not be accepted into the European Union if they do not allow polygyny. Second wives are not protected by the law as their marriages are not legal. How did the homo genus develop the "Socioculture"? A pantribal sodality that represents a certain level of social achievement C. All men and women related by patrilineal descent from a human apical ancestor D. All men and women related by matrilineal descent from a nonhuman apical ancestor, E. A group including all men or women born during a certain span of time, Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individuals power and prestige in a state? Pastoralism: a branch of agriculture. B. sexual dimorphism. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness . Kottak argues that the relatively high incidence of expanded family households among poorer North Americans is A. the result of a patrilocal residence pattern. I have a question about units. What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire group moves with the animals throughout the year? With the introduction of agriculture, more people began to stay in one place for even longer periods than they had done before. dxterity stock symbol / nice houses for sale near amsterdam / nice houses for sale near amsterdam The zadruga is a type of extended-family household found in what part of the world? Why does a big man accumulate wealth? E. none of the factors of production. D. They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. B. The study of early humans often focuses on biological evolution and natural selection. What term refers to sexual relations with someone considered to be a close relative? B. A hereditary ruler C. A person of influence and prestige D. A leader who avoids excessive displays of generosity E. A leader who has tremendous power because he is regarded as divine. Because they do not irrigate their fields, agriculturalists are more dependent on seasonal rains. d. 12,000 years ago. D. They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. E. Horticulture's long-term yield is far greater and more dependable than that of agriculture. E. postmarriage residence tends to be patrilocal. B. swiddening. Achieved status. However, the sheer volume of data often causes these techniques to become sluggish. So the . Instead, property rights, small group size, and conservatism influenced the emergence of farming. D. male control of prestige goods. C. a resistance method practiced in small-scale societies. Was farming more efficient than foraging? E. 1,000 years ago. Fiery Amber just can't seem to sit still, and her passionate energy is reflected by her Leo star sign. 1 million years ago. Is it useful to learn about modern hunter-gatherer groups in order to understand early societies? Women are subservient to men in nearly all societies because their subsistence activities contribute much less to the total diet than do those of men. A situation in which a woman has more than one husband at the same time, B. D. They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. All peasants A. produce food without elaborate technology. But at some point during the spread of farming into southeastern Europe, a mutation occurred for lactose tolerance that increased in frequency through natural selection thanks to the nourishing benefits of milk. How do they differ from food producers? The fact that chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates engage in masturbation and same- sex sexual activity suggests that A. human sexuality is completely determined by biology. barley. E. The great distances that separate the homes and workplaces of most people, Which of the following is not typical of state societies? In the 1990s, single individuals or small flocks (100 birds) of pink-footed geese, dispersed among taiga bean geese (Anser f.fabalis), were reported by the goose counting networks in southern Sweden during autumn and spring and in western Finland during spring.Since the early 2000s, observations of flocks have become more regular and numbers have increased in both . However, considering how limited these communities were, this land requirement is extremely inefficient compared to modern productivity levels. With generalized reciprocity, which is prevalent among foragers, someone gives to another person and expects nothing concrete or immediate in return . Which of the following is a characteristic shared by most present-day foragers? C. in most societies women tend to be the primary child caregivers. The synchronized worms were exposed to BPA until the young adult stage. C. A village head is a band leader, while a big man is a tribal leader. research to learn more about the slum problem in India. C. They maintain control by conquering foreign territories. We don't actually know when language first originated. A village council B. e. 1,000 years ago. Which of the following statements about nonstate societies is true? All sorts of animals, from black bears to bumble bees, have a unique foraging strategy which allows them to acquire the largest amount of quality resources in the smallest amount of time. A. Divorce is more common now than it was a century ago. A. D. heterosexual sex is more common among humans than among other primates. One of these theories is that a surplus in production led to greater population. C. 100,000 years ago. In order to ensure enough food production for their communities, they worked to manipulate those systems in certain ways, such as rotational hunting and gathering. This genus is believed to have evolved approximately 50 million years ago in North America during the late Eocene Period, and was the first horse-like animal to ever roam the Earth. Which of the following statements about the incest taboo is true? B. A. E. Four forms of sexual orientationheterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, and asexuality are found throughout the world. Which of the following statements concerning the Basseri and the Qashqai is true? When wild plants or animals became less plentiful, they argue, people chose to begin farming instead of moving on. A. Incest B. Exogamy, The gift that a wifes group gives to her husbands family is known as. Which of the following groups are not foragers? All humans were foragers until approximately, According to Aihwa Ong, spirit possession of female factory workers in Malaysia is, c. the result of a gender-based division of labor, which is unique to Malaysian. A. Neolocality B. Patrilocality. Cultures evolved and developed in specific environmental contexts, enabling their communities to not only survive but to flourish in unique and dynamic ways. How much land did these bands of people need to provide the necessary food and water to support life? All humans were foragers until approximately . C. the result of a gender-based division of labor, which is unique to Malaysian society. The largest single-day percentage loss of the Dow Jones Industrial Average occurred on October 191919, 198719871987 when the market closed down 22.6%22.6 \%22.6% at 173917391739. agriculture. Why did people in most areas of the world switch from foraging to farming? A. hegemony working to eliminate resistance. david santopietro khan academy. It works for them. 10 million years ago. Why does a big man accumulate wealth? What is the name of the family in which a child is raised? B. an unconscious protest against stressful and exploitive working conditions. Not everyone needed to be focused on food production, which led to specialization of labor and complex societies. Due to the constraints of available natural resources, these early communities were not very large, but they included enough members to facilitate some degree of division of labor, security, and exogamous reproduction patterns, which means marrying or reproducing outside of ones group. The custom whereby a wife marries the brother of her dead husband C. The type of marriage that follows divorce D. The custom whereby a widower marries the sister of his dead wife E. A situation in which a man has more than one wife at the same time. Human fossils found in the . The former involves the use of domesticated animals, whereas the latter does not. Song contests C. Killing an offender. In Mondays edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Bowles analyzed what it would take to farm under primitive conditions. 10 million years ago. What is polygyny? C. 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It tends to be more pronounced among agriculturalists than among foragers. Cereals were grown in Syria as long as 9,000 years ago, while figs were cultivated even earlier; prehistoric seedless fruits discovered in the Jordan Valley suggest fig trees were being planted some 11,300 years ago. Direct link to Lauren Swalec's post I have a question about u, Posted 6 years ago. 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C. Meat eating A. are patrifocal. I think, David, that you've interpreted the sentence to be about 'fairness', but that's not what the paragraph is actually about. A political system ruled by men in which women have inferior status is known as a(an). C. Influence C. descent groups include only the children of the groups women. I hope that answers your question! C. Agriculture frequently involves the use of terraces, while horticulture does not. This region kick-started the Neolithic Revolution. D. The Qashqai authority structure was more complex and hierarchical than that of the Basseri. A big man has supporters in multiple villages. A. Videos of foraging behavior and subsequent food retrieval were recorded and manually annotated as reported previously. cultural, biological, archaeology, linguistic. D. A big mans high status is ascribed, while a village heads high status is achieved. A status that a person has little or no choice about occupying. Direct link to kzogg25's post What is the difference be, Posted 3 years ago. A. Kinship and marriage B. Segmentary lineage organization C. Influence, D. Monopoly of force by a central authority. D. agriculture. However, it is also equally important to focus on. Direct link to Gregory.Perrett's post Did they eat more or less, Posted 6 years ago. Listing B. Segmentary lineage organization E. Genealogical relationships to apical ancestors. B. C. Marriages become more stable. C. Big men typically are war leaders and as such they must maintain a supply of "grievance gifts" to compensate the families of warriors who die under their command. What is an age set? C. flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans primate heritage. A big man has supporters in multiple villages. It tends to be more pronounced among foragers than among pastoralists. 8. Cross-cultural studies indicate that A. in nearly all societies men contribute much more to subsistence than women do. The Neolithic periods name stems from the fact that stone artifacts were more smooth and refined than those of the Paleolithic period, or old stone age.