Well-known chefs who have had restaurants in Chicago include: Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless. The Irish are still very active in the city's politics. Chicago (/ko/ (listen) shih-KAH-goh, locally also /ko/ shih-KAW-goh;[6] Miami-Illinois: Shikaakwa; Ojibwe: Zhigaagong) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the third most populous in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2017-2021. Experience Chicagos most notable music festivals including the Chicago Blues Festival, the Chicago Jazz Festival, Lollapalooza, Pitchfork Music Festival and Riot Fest. 23,915. Grant Park holds Millennium Park, Buckingham Fountain (1927), and the Art Institute of Chicago. [24] The city is the seat of the Evangelical Covenant Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. [10] Chicago also hosts the headquarters of the largest Lutheran body in the United States, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The City Beautiful movement inspired Chicago's boulevards and parkways. frequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by metro area, Learn More: frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing, At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who feel a sense of wonder about the universe, Compare: views about same-sex marriage by metro area, Learn More: views about same-sex marriage, Strongly favor/favor, Oppose/strongly oppose, Compare: [50][51][52] Much of the city, including railroads and stockyards, survived intact,[53] and from the ruins of the previous wooden structures arose more modern constructions of steel and stone. [79] The theme of the fair was technological innovation over the century since Chicago's founding. belief in existence of standards for right and wrong by metro area, Learn More: belief in absolute standards for right and wrong, There are clear standards for what is right and wrong, Right or wrong depends on the situation, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who read scripture, Compare: Chicago city, Illinois. Chicagos 250-plus theatre companies take the stage at more than 200 theatres to perform work as varied and diverse as their audiences. When founded in 1833, fewer than 200 people had settled on what was then the American frontier. [220] Also performing regularly at Symphony Center is the Chicago Sinfonietta, a more diverse and multicultural counterpart to the CSO. Industrial districts, such as some areas on the South Side, the areas along the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and the Northwest Indiana area are clustered. This project began with the construction and improvement of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and was completed with the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal that connects to the Illinois River, which flows into the Mississippi River. 81.8%. The Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine is in Downers Grove. The proximity to Lake Michigan tends to keep the Chicago lakefront somewhat cooler in summer and less brutally cold in winter than inland parts of the city and suburbs away from the lake. Annual festivals feature various acts, such as Lollapalooza and the Pitchfork Music Festival. In the 1980s and 90s, the city was the global center for house and industrial music, two forms of music created in Chicago, as well as being popular for alternative rock, punk, and new wave. [42] The Chicago Board of Trade (established 1848) listed the first-ever standardized "exchange-traded" forward contracts, which were called futures contracts.[43]. [118], The destruction caused by the Great Chicago Fire led to the largest building boom in the history of the nation. Pixabay . For these figures, anything under 0.25% displays as <0.3%. RELIGIOUS GROUPINGS, Continues decennial series started in 1952, Provides data on specific religious bodies, from the Amish to Zoroastrians, Differentiates among specific bodies within same tradition, Features the only county-level data on U.S. religious adherence, Congregations - the gatheringof persons who meet together regularly for worship, Members - persons with communicant, confirmed, or full membership status, Adherents - members, their children, and the estimated number of other participants who are not considered members, Average weekly attendance - all those who participate in weeklyservices, Participate in the 2030 U.S. In 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. and Albert Raby led the Chicago Freedom Movement, which culminated in agreements between Mayor Richard J. Daley and the movement leaders. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. National polls rarely give any religious data below the national level. Clear 2 Table. Scope: population of Illinois and Chicago. Click here to see how the data was gathered. This helps to keep pedestrians on the sidewalk further away from the street traffic. [80], During World War II, the city of Chicago alone produced more steel than the United Kingdom every year from 1939 1945, and more than Nazi Germany from 1943 1945. The city lies within USDA plant hardiness zone 6a, transitioning to 5b in the suburbs. views about environmental protection by metro area, Learn More: views about environmental regulation, Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy, Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say humans, Compare: Official records for Chicago were kept at various locations in downtown from January 1871 to 31 December 1925, University of Chicago from 1 January 1926 to 30 June 1942, Midway Airport from 1 July 1942 to 16 January 1980, and at O'Hare Airport since 17 January 1980. Religion Census is your source for religious data at the county level. [65][66] In 1883, Chicago's railway managers needed a general time convention, so they developed the standardized system of North American time zones. By 1935 the Workers Alliance of America begun organizing the poor, workers, the unemployed. ), Missionary Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. [72] This Great Migration had an immense cultural impact, called the Chicago Black Renaissance, part of the New Negro Movement, in art, literature, and music. A third or more of people in each of those metropolitan areas (37% in Seattle, 35% in San Francisco and 33% in Boston) are religious nones.. Chicago's dedication to invest in better bike infrastructure made biking it safer and more comfortable for everyone in Chicago, regardless of age or ability. [311], Chicago high school rankings are determined by the average test scores on state achievement tests. ), Other Nondenominational (Evangelical Trad. Households with a computer, percent, 2017-2021. The current mayor is Lori Lightfoot. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the 1833 Treaty of Chicago and sent west of the Mississippi River as part of the federal policy of Indian removal. [31], After the War of 1812, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute has an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern archaeological artifacts. [106] The Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all of Cook and DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will counties. [223], Chicago has a distinctive fine art tradition. Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. Today, the Chicago Park District consists of more than 570 parks with over 8,000 acres (3,200ha) of municipal parkland. [47][48][49], In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed an area about 4 miles (6.4km) long and 1-mile (1.6km) wide, a large section of the city at the time. The strength of the party in the city is partly a consequence of Illinois state politics, where the Republicans have come to represent rural and farm concerns while the Democrats support urban issues such as Chicago's public school funding. Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2017-2021. As the major meat companies grew in Chicago many, such as Armour and Company, created global enterprises. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. [140][143] Most of the city's rainfall is brought by thunderstorms, averaging 38 a year. [187] In 2007, Chicago was named the fourth-most important business center in the world in the MasterCard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index. The top five races for people living in Chicago are: White (44%), Black (32%), Asian (5%), Hispanic or Latino (28%), Two or more races (2%). And Atlanta, the birthplace of Martin Luther King Jr. is home to an especially large share of members of the historically black Protestant tradition (18%). It is the principal city in the Chicago metropolitan area, situated in both the Midwestern United States and the Great Lakes region. [117] Other notable streets include Michigan Avenue, State Street, Oak, Rush, Clark Street, and Belmont Avenue. [186] The city has also been rated as having the most balanced economy in the United States, due to its high level of diversification. One-in-ten Seattleites are self-identified atheists (10%), while 6% are agnostics. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. [161], According to U.S. census estimates as of July2019[update], Chicago's largest racial or ethnic group is non-Hispanic White at 32.8% of the population, Blacks at 30.1% and the Hispanic population at 29.0% of the population. Chicago's flourishing economy attracted huge numbers of new immigrants from Europe and migrants from the Eastern United States. "[8] The Irish gained entry to Chicago's Fire and Police Departments and have kept family traditions of participation in these units. The ethnic makeup of the population is 28% Hispanic and 72% belong to non Hispanic background. [276] The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions and approves the city budget.[277]. Their service territory borders Iroquois County to the south, the Wisconsin border to the north, the Iowa border to the west and the Indiana border to the east. Learn More: party affiliation, Republican/lean Rep., No lean, Democrat/lean Dem. Several medical products and services companies are headquartered in the Chicago area, including Baxter International, Boeing, Abbott Laboratories, and the Healthcare division of General Electric. [253], Sporting News named Chicago the "Best Sports City" in the United States in 1993, 2006, and 2010. [211][212], The city's waterfront location and nightlife has attracted residents and tourists alike. [262] The Fire have won one league title and four U.S.Open Cups, since their founding in 1997. It is the third largest city and metropolitan area in the United States by population, and the city was home to over 2.7 million people in 2020, accounting for over 25% of the population in the Chicago metropolitan area; home to approximately 9.6 million. Chicago's demographic, cultural, and religious transformation at the turn of the century posed a number of challenges to this evangelical mission. (2004). [300] In 2013, the city's murder rate was only slightly higher than the national average as a whole. Jones, Dale E., et al. These relationships have sought to promote economic, cultural, educational, and other ties. It is an important component in global distribution, as it is the third-largest inter-modal port in the world after Hong Kong and Singapore. The top tourist destination in Chicago and the Midwest in 2017, Millennium Park offers 25 acres of exuberant architecture, serene gardens, grand pavilions, and dazzling fountains that sculpt light and water, walking paths. [citation needed], The city's distinctive accent, made famous by its use in classic films like The Blues Brothers and television programs like the Saturday Night Live skit "Bill Swerski's Superfans", is an advanced form of Inland Northern American English. [90] Washington was succeeded by 6th ward Alderman Eugene Sawyer, who was elected by the Chicago City Council and served until a special election. The border with the Eastern Time Zone is located a short distance to the east, used in Michigan and certain parts of Indiana. [350] The City of Chicago is the world headquarters for United Airlines, the world's third-largest airline. [302] Jens Ludwig, director of the University of Chicago Crime Lab, estimated that shootings cost the city of Chicago $2.5billion in 2012. Navy Pier, located just east of Streeterville, is 3,000ft (910m) long and houses retail stores, restaurants, museums, exhibition halls and auditoriums. It also has entertainment systems inside the gondolas as well as a climate controlled environment. [citation needed], Two major daily newspapers are published in Chicago: the Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times, with the Tribune having the larger circulation. The average land elevation is 579ft (176.5m) above sea level. [310] The magnet school with the largest enrollment is Lane Technical College Prep High School. The department also reported 762 murders in Chicago for the year 2016, a total that marked a 62.79% increase in homicides from 2015. [citation needed], The Great Migration, which had been on pause due to the Depression, resumed at an even faster pace in the second wave, as hundreds of thousands of blacks from the South arrived in the city to work in the steel mills, railroads, and shipping yards. At the Call of Duty League's Launch Week games in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the Chicago Huntsmen went on to beat both the Dallas Empire and Optic Gaming Los Angeles. In 2015, 26.5 percent of Chicago households were without a car, and increased slightly to 27.5 percent in 2016. [355] Because of low participation in the blue bag programs, the city began a pilot program for blue bin recycling like other cities. [citation needed], The Chicago Public Library system operates 3 regional libraries and 77 neighbourhood branches, including the central library. The Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) is one of the most recognized basketball teams in the world. Among these are Chagall's Four Seasons; the Chicago Picasso; Miro's Chicago; Calder's Flamingo; Oldenburg's Batcolumn; Moore's Large Interior Form, 1953-54, Man Enters the Cosmos and Nuclear Energy; Dubuffet's Monument with Standing Beast, Abakanowicz's Agora; and, Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate which has become an icon of the city. Two tall glass sculptures make up the Crown Fountain. However, it was less than in many smaller American cities, including New Orleans, Newark, and Detroit, although the latter has fallen substantially in recent years. Natural gas is provided by Peoples Gas, a subsidiary of Integrys Energy Group, which is headquartered in Chicago. [129], Chicago is famous for its outdoor public art with donors establishing funding for such art as far back as Benjamin Ferguson's 1905 trust. The city responded by tunneling two miles (3.2km) out into Lake Michigan to newly built water cribs. [96] All three city-wide elective offices were held by women (and women of color) for the first time in Chicago history: in addition to Lightfoot, the City Clerk was Anna Valencia and City Treasurer, Melissa Conyears-Ervin. Included among these are its nationally renowned deep-dish pizza; this style is said to have originated at Pizzeria Uno. It is home to a population of around 5.54 million individuals. later establishing itself as America's home for the genre. [20] Chicago has a small community of Swedish Americans. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Over a third of the city population is concentrated in the lakefront neighborhoods from Rogers Park in the north to South Shore in the south. In 1983, Harold Washington became the first black mayor of Chicago. [108] The three sides of the city are represented on the Flag of Chicago by three horizontal white stripes. [9] The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades, and by 1900, less than 30 years after the fire, Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world. As the former Yugoslavia continued to find its identity as a nation over the last century, the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina sought stability and new beginnings in the city of Chicago many intending to return to their homeland. [225] Upscale shopping along the Magnificent Mile and State Street, thousands of restaurants, as well as Chicago's eminent architecture, continue to draw tourists. [citation needed], More representational and portrait statuary includes a number of works by Lorado Taft (Fountain of Time, The Crusader, Eternal Silence, and the Heald Square Monument completed by Crunelle), French's Statue of the Republic, Edward Kemys's Lions, Saint-Gaudens's Abraham Lincoln: The Man (a.k.a. Among denominational Protestant branches, Baptists formed the largest group in Chicago (10%); followed by Nondenominational (5%); Lutherans (4%); and Pentecostals (3%). The South Side hosts one of the city's largest parades, the annual African American Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic, which travels through Bronzeville to Washington Park. Broadway In Chicago offers Broadway-style entertainment at five theaters: the Nederlander Theatre, CIBC Theatre, Cadillac Palace Theatre, Auditorium Building of Roosevelt University, and Broadway Playhouse at Water Tower Place. [citation needed], Lakeview is home to Boystown, the city's large LGBT nightlife and culture center. [337] As of July 2019, Divvy operated 5800 bicycles at 608 stations, covering almost all of the city, excluding Pullman, Rosedale, Beverly, Belmont Cragin and Edison Park. It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts, issued by the Chicago Board of Trade, which today is part of the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world, generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone. It includes Rush University Medical Center, ranked as the second best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report for 201416, the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Hospital, and John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, one of the busiest trauma centers in the nation.[357]. Chicago is the theatre capital of the U.S. birthplace of storefront theatre and improv comedy, home to long-running Broadway hits and boasting more world premieres than any other city in the country. In the next few years Irish numbers grew rapidly, particularly after the arrival of refugees from the Great Famine. There are 31 sand beaches, a plethora of museums, two world-class conservatories, and 50 nature areas. Not to . As of 2018[update], Windy City Live is Chicago's only daytime talk show, which is hosted by Val Warner and Ryan Chiaverini at ABC7 Studios with a live weekday audience. Computer and Internet Use. There are 24 public beaches across 26 miles (42km) of the waterfront. The first Bosnians settled in Chicago in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, joining other immigrants seeking better opportunities and better lives. Chicago is a major world convention destination. Even before then, it was not unheard of for Republican presidential candidates to win handily in downstate Illinois, only to lose statewide due to large Democratic margins in Chicago. "New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology". [citation needed], With an estimated completion date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the University of Chicago in Hyde Park and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation. [141], According to the National Weather Service, Chicago's highest official temperature reading of 105F (41C) was recorded on July 24, 1934. After successfully running for re-election five times, and becoming Chicago's longest-serving mayor, Richard M. Daley declined to run for a seventh term. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United Statesabout $670.5billion according to September 2017 estimates. [198] Three Fortune 500 companies left Chicago in 2022, leaving the city with 35, still second to New York City. The grid's regularity provided an efficient means of developing new real estate property. Of the total population in 1900, more than 77% were either foreign-born or born in the United States of foreign parentage. In 1893, Chicago hosted the World's Columbian Exposition on former marshland at the present location of Jackson Park. The city's main convention center is McCormick Place. [11] Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards, including new construction styles (such as Chicago School architecture, the development of the City Beautiful Movement, and the steel-framed skyscraper). [2] The city's population peaked in the 1950 Census, although two of the three most recent Censuses as of 2022 have shown moderate growth. Between 1910 and 1930, the African American population of Chicago increased dramatically, from 44,103 to 233,903. [351], Electricity for most of northern Illinois is provided by Commonwealth Edison, also known as ComEd. [9] The Great Chicago Fire in 1871 destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless,[10] but Chicago's population continued to grow to 503,000 by 1880 and then doubled to more than a million within the decade. Chicago is served by O'Hare International Airport, the world's busiest airport measured by airline operations,[348] on the far Northwest Side, and Midway International Airport on the Southwest Side. The Chicago Police Department provides law enforcement and the Chicago Fire Department provides fire suppression and emergency medical services for the city and its residents. These schools offer a rigorous curriculum with mainly honors and Advanced Placement (AP) courses. The Archdiocese of Chicago serves around 2.2 million Catholics in Cook and Lake Counties in Northeastern Illinois, a geographic area of 1,411 square miles. [259][260] They also boast the youngest player to win the NBA Most Valuable Player Award, Derrick Rose, who won it for the 201011 season. On the shore of Lake Michigan, Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. It is the seat of several dioceses. Richard Giraldi of the Chicago Sun-Times remarked on the significance of the label and wrote, "As important as Chess Records was to blues and soul music, Chicago's Wax Trax imprint was just as significant to the punk rock, new wave and industrial genres."[331]. The city's ethnic diversity made communication, much less evangelization, difficult for native-born Protestant ministers. Chicago is home to. Both the Bulls and the Blackhawks play at the United Center. They have won three World Series titles (1906, 1917, 2005) and six American League pennants, including the first in 1901. With more than 370 religious bodies,over 350,000 congregations, and over 160 million adherents,the 2020 U.S. [303], Chicago began experiencing a massive surge in carjackings after 2019, and at least 1,415 such crimes took place in the city in 2020. [345] According to U.S. Department of Transportation, the volume of imported and exported goods transported via rail to, from, or through Chicago is forecast to increase nearly 150 percent between 2010 and 2040. Explore the data and maps. Rahm Emanuel (to April 2019) 2010 census population (rank): 2,695,598 (3); Male:Female:White:Black:American Indian and Alaska Native:Asian:Other race:Two or more races . 236 faith groups were included in the 2010 edition. Contributors have included Ezra Pound, William Butler Yeats, William Carlos Williams, Langston Hughes, and Carl Sandburg, among others. In the state court, the public prosecutor is the Illinois state's attorney; in the Federal court it is the United States attorney. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as "Checagou" was by Robert deLaSalle around 1679 in a memoir. It reports the number of congregations in every U.S. county and equivalents for participating faith groups. Chicago's homicide tally remained low during 2005 (449), 2006 (452), and 2007 (435) but rose to 510 in 2008, breaking 500 for the first time since 2003. [105] The Illinois Department of Tourism defines Chicagoland as Cook County without the city of Chicago, and only Lake, DuPage, Kane, and Will counties. ", "Sweet home Chicago: Best Sports City 2010", "MLB Teams and Baseball Encyclopedia - Baseball-Reference.com", "Team Encyclopedias and Records | Pro-Football-Reference.com", "Bulls are second-most popular U.S. team on Facebook", "Chicago's Derrick Rose Wins 201011 Kia NBA MVP Award", "Chicago Fire are returning to Soldier Field beginning with the 2020 MLS season: 'This can change the whole tenor of the club', "Chicago Park Boulevard System Historic District" map, "Biking the Boulevards with Geoffrey Baer", "Chicago Park Boulevard System Historic District", "WEEKLY LIST OF ACTIONS TAKEN ON PROPERTIES: 02/01/2019 THROUGH 2/7/2019", "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Chicago Park Boulevard System Historic District", "Forest Preserve District of Cook County", "7 big ideas for making Illinois more (small-d) democratic CHANGE Illinois", "With Michelle Obama In Town, Speculation About Future For Their Home", "Baltimore ranked 6th in murder rate in 2012", "Chicago toll rises despite gun clampdown", "Chicago's 762 homicides in 2016 is highest in 19 years. [234] The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city. interpretation of scripture by metro area, Learn More: interpreting scripture, Word of God; should be taken literally, Word of God; not everything taken literally, Not the word of God, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who in heaven, Compare: Winters are relatively cold and snowy. [168] In 2015, roughly 4% of the population identified as LGBT. [133][134][135] Summers are hot and humid, with frequent heat waves. Chicago's theater community spawned modern improvisational theater, and includes the prominent groups The Second City and I.O. An attempt was made in the early 20th century to link Chicago with New York City via the Chicago New York Electric Air Line Railroad. [173], According to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey data estimates for 20082012, the median income for a household in the city was $47,408, and the median income for a family was $54,188. [14] The Southwest Side is home to the largest concentration of Gorals (Carpathian highlanders) outside Europe. Chicago is also a prominent center of the Polish Cathedral style of church architecture. Evangelical Protestantism form the largest theological Protestant branch (16%), followed by Mainline Protestants (11%), and historically Black churches (8%). Many of the city's financial institutions, such as the CBOT and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, are located within a section of downtown called "The Loop", which is an eight-block by five-block area of city streets that is encircled by elevated rail tracks. [61] Programs that were developed there became a model for the new field of social work. Manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy.
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