a. Schwann cells b. oligodendrocytes c. astroc, What kind of nerve cells are thought to be helpers for the neurons? c. enhance the activity of reactive astrocytes. c. that a person is genetically male. Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? Its cell body is in an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. There are three types of neurons. B. D) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Which of the following statements is true? e. neurons that innervate smooth muscle are under involuntary control. In the presence of invading microbes, microglial cells become macrophages to phagocytize the microbes and neuronal debris. D) tracts, The term central nervous system refers to the ________. a. meninges. C) oligodendrocytes What does myelin do for neurons? After peripheral nerve injuries, damaged axons can regenerate but functional recovery is limited by the specific reinnervation of targets. Which of the following is the study of mechanisms of gene expression not involving c) Neurons are the most abundant type of cell in nervous tissue. b. auditory information. Just what does pass from the neurons to the muscle c. Neurons are specialized cells that can do which of the following that most other cells cannot do? Diminished cerebral blood flow increases oxygen to neurons. 32. (a) Fluorescent lightbulbs contain a small amount of mercury, giving a mercury vapor pressure of around 1*10^(-5) atm. Which of the followings cells accounts for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system? The term central nervous system refers to the ________. a. interneuron. O They generate very fast O They are long when compared to other cells in the body O They help carry oxygen to different body parts O They do not have a nucleus. (a . b. Microglial cells a) ion b) cholinesterase c) neurotransmitter d) biogenic amine. A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. c. afferent neuron. d. astrocytes form and maintain the blood-brain barrier. The Macklis Lab is directed toward (1) understanding molecular controls and mechanisms over neuron sub-type development, diversity, axon guidance-circuit formation, and degeneration in the cerebral cortex, and (2) applying developmental controls toward brain and spinal cord regeneration and directed differentiation for in vitro therapeutic and mechanistic screening. Which of the following are afferent neurons, relative to the central nervous system? a. forebrain. A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons. Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord. 1. b. thalamus. Which of the choices below describes the ANS? A) ion In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? d. acetylcholine. 58. a. periaqueductal gray. d. The person may have motor tremor. sure to include the influence of German philosopher Karl Marx in c. pons. A drug that inhibited the reticular activating system would most likely cause: Neurons: d. temporal lobe. The STN also forms a reciprocally connected network with the GABAergic external globus pallidus that converges onto common basal ganglia output neurons. A Pyrex container is completely filled with 275cm3275 \mathrm{~cm}^3275cm3 of mercury at 10.0C10.0{\degree} \mathrm{C}10.0C. b. sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord. The structure that meets the spinal cord in the hindbrain is the: a. medulla. Events that occur during synaptic activity are listed here, but they are arranged in an incorrect order. b. expect to find increased blood flow. d. hippocampus. Neuroglia (a) conduct electrical impulses, (b) are nerve stem cells, (c) are support cells that aid neurons, (d) are an abnormal growth of neural tissue. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Describe the structure of neurons 2. O They conduct impulses. What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? a. Astrocytes a. messenger ribonucleic acid. d. hippocampus. a. Activation of preganglionic sympathetic neurons nervous system? b. inhibit axon growth. A) ependymal cells Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are _____., Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? capacity of divide via mitosis due to absence of centrosomes. Cerebrospinal is located in the following structures except: 74. 39. 69. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? d. Neurons. A genetic mutation caused by an error in replicating or repairing a gene is called: 19. a. cerebellar ataxia. Touch stimulation of this sensory receptor will open the mechanically gated ion channels, but action potentials are still not initiated because propagation of an action potential requires the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. They are robust signaling cells. Neurons differ in their morphology and function. The synaptic cleft b. c. ventricles. 52. b. the structure is closer to the midline of the brain. b. Gliosis 56. A) cholinesterase 30. ce3z/(4zi)3dz. B) They have extreme longevity.C) They are mitotic. b. thalamus. (a) dendrites (b) cell body (c) myelin (d) axon terminal. Allow ions to move in and out of its cellular membrane. c. M2 microglial cells 61. C) Sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes. A) release nerve growth factor D) positively charged and contains more sodium. Cells may have long extensions. a. inhibit the production of neurotrophins. a. the hippocampus. A) the membrane potential has been reestablished A) nuclei d. frontal lobe. c. the person had a past traumatic brain injury. Neurons generate and conduct electrical impulses called action potentials. Relative to the central nervous system, motor neurons are referred to as afferent neurons. Identify the neuron type described: Two neuron types whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord (CNS). c. lead to foreign substances entering the brain from the circulatory system. c. Astrocytes (a) hardened cells and neurons (b) neurons and supporting cells (c) chondrocytes and neurons (d) neuronocytes and smooth muscle cells. 51. c. Autonomic Nervous System d. transcription factor. depolarized to In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. The function of neurons is to communicate information from one part of the body to other parts. The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons, Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system, During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. Diminished activation of postganglionic sympathetic neurons A. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. The following is a list of characteristics of neurons: - Neurons are cells that specialized in the transmission of electrical impulses. d. inferior colliculus. Growing numbers of sodium channels appear spontaneously in the demyelinated fibers so that conduction resumes, even if slower. Efferent neurons are ___ neurons carrying impulses to the muscles. This area is also known as the soma or perikaryon. 8. Even though someone is diagnosed with MS, the axons are not damaged. a. Sensory neurons. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. a. hippocampus Name the following: Nervous tissue cells that regulate the chemical environment of neurons. C) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. b. Medulla The principles outlined above can be applied to the neuron and its ionic contents.. C) oligodendrocytes a. Neurotransmitters are chemical signals used as a means of communication. (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. a. extrapyramidal motor system. a. epigenetics. During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. d. represent a general decline of autonomic nervous system activity. 11. C) calcium A. Which of the following is not true concerning the structural classification of neurons? ANSWER : The neurons are included in the somatic body cells but are. B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings. C. Myelin traps sodium ions in the ax. Which cells in the brain remove normal cellular waste? There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. Then, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees with the subject. Neurons are responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, a process that allows us to move and exist in the world around us. B) dendrite The thalamus routes all types of sensory information except: Some axon terminals contain more than one kind of neurotransmitter. When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. For skeletal muscle cells to contract, they must be excited by motor neurons. The GBA gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Central Nervous System a. Oligodendrocytes When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called ________ summation. Neurons are a type of cell and are part of the nervous system. myelinated; move from one node of Ranvier to another. Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. Transcribed image text: Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? a. increase the activity of reactive astrocytes. d. None of these are correct. 1. B) anchor neurons to blood vessels Neuroglia found in the CNS that bind axons and blood vessels to each other are called ________. True or False, Some neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the receptor. c. Generate ATP. a. d. increased protection of the brain. a. Multi-polar neurons b. Bipolar neurons c. Uni-polar neurons. True or False, Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity. a. reduced cerebrospinal fluid. Which of the following cells are not found in a connective tissue? d. the person has a history of drug abuse. nervous system. a. decrease a neurons's aerobic energy metabolism. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? The parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons are called: 4. When activated, shortens C. Found in the brain and spinal cord. D) stimulate the production of acetylcholine, Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? 29. Which neurons reside only within the CNS? d. Sensory efferent neurons po. b. b. cause aggressive behavior. d. cause a tremor. B) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh B) chloride A) resting period C) voltage stimulus to initiate It is concluded that motor and sensory axons have a different substrate preference at early postnatal stages but this difference is lost in the adult. Which type of neurons are used to convey the special senses of sight? If a neuroscientist described a structure as more lateral to a particular area, this means that: Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? 1. b. Which of the following is an EXCITATORY neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal. Local anesthetics block voltage-gated Na+ channels, but they do not block mechanically gated ion channels. ________ potentials are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized. Which nervous sytem is responsible for delivering voluntary motor signals from the CNS to Which division of your nervous system is generating this response? Neurons are a specific type of nervous system cell that is able to generate signals and transmit them to other neurons or target end-cells. D) They are short-lived. View the full answer. This may account for the cycles of relapse and remission in different patients. 14. a. impair memory. A) peripheral and spinal nerves B) brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves C) brain and spinal cord D) spinal cord and spinal nerves. Neurons that carry impulses the central nervous system to the muscles or glands are called neurons or motor neurons. c. Cerebellum 76. Some neuroglia remove debris and foreign material from the nervous system. Which type of microglial cells promote inflammation? The generation of an action potential in a neuron requires the presence what type of membrane channels? Show the details. C) proteins have been resynthesized As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. B) excitatory potential 1. 4. A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. Question. b. Neurotransmitters Treatment of pain with local anesthetics leads to an unfavorable decrease in general sensory acuity due to their indiscriminate block of both pain sensing . B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? taking the substance. formation. inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. Neurons can function optimally for over 100 years. Which neurons belong to the efferent pathway? c. reticular formation. Which pattern of neural processing is important for higher level mental processing such as problem solving? Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are "firing," but due to the neurotransmitter released and its action, the postsynaptic neuron is inhibited from "firing" (hyperpolarized). 54. b. Broca's Aphasia. 79. D) found in the retina of the eye, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? C) found in ganglia b. M3 c. gamma aminobutyric. b. cause inattention. c. basal ganglia. Relative to the prefrontal cortex, the neuron would be called a(n): a. sodium b. chloride c. calcium d. potassium, A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is call a(n) _____. a. pituitary gland. GBA variants increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) by 10 times. A) sodium A postsynaptic cell can be a neuron, a muscle cell, or a secretory cell. Methods: Participants were prospectively enrolled . As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. The contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move bones of the skeleton. b. Ventral root lowers the probability of producing an action potential. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of smooth muscle? B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. What does myelin do for neurons? b. oligodendrocytes. A person suffering from an inability to speak the word she intends to say, sometimes A gap between Schwann cells in the peripheral system is called a(n) ________. 1. The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons are located in the spinal cord B. spindle fibres to divide the cell. What is an example of a presynaptic cell? d. that a person has autochromosomal traits. 23 We detected neurons and extracted temporal components from the calcium imaging data (Figure 2 C) with the CNMF-E toolbox. kg 1), . d. it fills spaces in the brain. As a component of the hyperdirect and indirect pathways, the STN is important for constraining movement, thought, and emotion through synaptic excitation of GABAergic basal ganglia output neurons. What are the small lower motor neurons that innervate intrafusal muscle fibers that are part of specialized stretch receptors called? Motor neurons transmit the nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands). b. cingulate cortex. c. The patient has a low level of transcription factors. B) They have extreme longevity. Identify the neuron type described: Two functional neuron types that are structurally multipolar neurons. Traub et al. Sensory and motor divisions. What quantity of mercury spills over when heated to 75.0C75.0{\degree} \mathrm{C}75.0C ? Citation 17 - Citation 21 However, the effect of CH on axonal plasticity within the white matter following ischemic stroke is not known in detail. 25. Which of the following is correct? D) innervation of skeletal muscle, Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. D) gamma aminobutyric acid, Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? A. thow ion selectivity C. are gated A. a. Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following are functions of the CNS? 63. a. Axons b. Neurons c. Neuroglia d. Synapses e. Type A fibers, Which of the following parts of a neuron contain excitable membranes? If a person ingested a substance that temporarily impaired the functioning of the a) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses via continuous conduction. These include nerve cells (or neurons) and glial cells (or glia ). Ans: they are mitotic Unli . Be a) norepinephrine b) cholinesterase c) gamma aminobutyric acid d) acetylcholine. B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled. Estimate the mass of Hg vapor present in the type of long, thin fluorescent tubes used in offices. All preganglionic neurons in the ANS are cholinergic. d. The patient is at risk of a Mendelian disease. d . c. M2 A) long distance signaling Which of the following mechanisms is most significant in returning Na+ and K+ concentrations to resting ionic conditions (from point D to point E)? ATP-dependent "motor" proteins such as kinesin, dynein, and myosin are responsible. C) the impulse would spread bidirectionally b. thalamus. True or False, If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them. b. cholinesterase. Tight junctions along blood vessels in the brain are formed by: The preclinical phase of AD, which can last 10 to 20 years, is characterized by the gradual accumulation of -amyloid and tau aggregates in the brain, together with neuroinflammation and synaptic alterations ().Several lines of evidence indicate that -amyloid deposition precedes . Cell body c. Ganglion d. Axon, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? your answer. ATP neurotransmitters have what basic effect on the body? To reveal how individual NAc neurons respond to reward, we implanted gradient index (GRIN) lenses in the NAcLat and the NAcMed and recorded single-neuron calcium activity using a miniature head-mounted microscopy (Figures 2 A and 2B). Which of the following correctly describes a graded potential? 8. C) opening of voltage-regulated channels d. Sensory, Which neuron structure receives impulses from the preceding cell? Which of the following surrounds PNS neurons and provides support? (organalle) inside them, which is necessary to formation of mitotic. b. that a person is genetically female. What functional class of neuron carries impulses away from the CNS to muscles or glands? The majority of these axonal knobs are shown to be "firing." b. Axon and soma 59. 1 and Klioutchnikov et al. - Neurons have a cell body, which contains the majority of the cell's organelles. Discovering that early life stress may cause polymorphisms that increase the risk of d . A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only. Neuronal processes that normally conduct impulses toward neuron cell bodies are called and those that carry impulses away from neuron cell bodies are called. a. 2. cells would most likely be responsible? The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. The p.N370S substitution causes a violation of the enzyme conformation, which affects its stability in the cell. If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. a. the thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies. David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin, LELCB 1B (28/1) - Collocation review (gap fil. . D) They are mitotic. Neurons require continuous and abundant supplies of oxygen, and cannot survive for more than a few minutes without it. Specifically, combination therapy (simultaneous use of customized sub-perception field and paresthesia-based SCS) versus monotherapy (paresthesia-based SCS) was evaluated. d. Activation of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, 65. In your opinion, is "A Christmas Memory" merely a vivid portrayal of a memory, or does it also convey a theme, or message? Myelinated neurons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated neurons because? 44. A. they produce neurotransmitters B. they lack neurotransmitter receptors C. they receive communication from other neurons D. they slow down the action potential. c. neurons. A neuron is formed when a receptor ends on another cell becomes active. B) hyperpolarization The CNS contains about 100 billion neurons, on the periphery - about 25 million.<br><br>The neuron is covered by a membrane that forms a closed space . b. Myelin prevents conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. 3. The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a (n) ________. A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. b. sulci. A) mechanically gated channel That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system.
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